Thursday, June 28, 2012

Post-Liberalism Past to Present


1) Explain some of the ways in which Post-War America (after World War II) is different from the U.S. in previous eras?

  • Post-War World II era is different since Americans had to take an interest for foreign affairs unlike previous eras.  Being involved in multiple conflicts outside their own government doing, but none-the-less fighting for another’s cause (freedom, independence, etc.) led Americans to become less self-involved and aware of what’s going on outside their sphere. 
  • Ideas of “New Americans” presented by Kennedy took hold in the minds of Americans, militant and economic superiority.
2) Explain how modern American political leaders interpret and apply American history in their political speeches. How effective is this is for justifying their policies?

Great American Presidents of the past have left marks of their tenor that resonates to this date:  George Washington is known for the Declaration of Independence, Abraham Lincoln fought against slavery; leading to the emancipation proclamation, Woodrow Wilson ushered in the progressive era which resulted in laws and offices set up for social and economic change for citizens, Franklin D. Roosevelt who led the United States during the Depression, War, and institutionalized the New Deal.  Many presidential candidates have learned to embody/align themselves to previous presidents to present similarities between them, showing that like these great leaders, they too can do much for government and the citizens of the U.S.  Depending on the current political conflict will denote which past presidential icon will be employed.  This ploy works well with American’s who is looking a resolution to whatever problem their facing, and so elect the candidate that can convincingly portray that feeling of security.
 

Quote Interpretation

John F, Kennedy

“And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – but what you can do for your country.”

I picked this famous quote because I have heard it since I’ve been born.  It has been utilized in past presidential candidates speeches and commercials over time.  This quote is a challenge to Americans to push to the limits of what they can contribute to their country.  It’s not only what America can provide to citizens, but the contribution citizens must make in return to make it great.

Tuesday, June 26, 2012

The Progressive Era

1) Why is the size of the nation important when defining the "meaning of democracy." What are the consequences of the growing size of the country and how would you judge the arguments of the progressives who emphasize the growing role of the government?

Woodrow Wilson realized that the country of the United States in whole is needed for the well-being of government.  Meaning, the greater number of constituents in the U.S. meant more balance, balance that also will be realized through a bridge from privatization and government.  During Wilson’s term in office, he institutionalized many additions, revisions to the amendment and government office (The Federal Reserve).  All changes that occurred were for the monetary betterment of government and overall social change in growth for all citizens.   The argument’s of progressive’s is a valid one of its time, where their thoughts and actions were in response to circumvent big bosses (monopolies), corruption and stimulate social change.
 

2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of having technically trained government officials administering the government? How would you judge the effectiveness of this kind of administration in today's politics?

Advantages of having a technically trained official administer government would be that they would know that particular department and would be able to ascertain flaws knowledgably in a short space of time as opposed to someone who is not so educated to recognize a flaw.  Having a specially trained individual would help the government and in turn the constituents that would benefit from them.  A disadvantage would be the same as the advantage.  Having a specially trained individual who knows a system inside and out, recognize flaws and move to correct these flaws can lead to corruption.  Without a point check system, an individual can run-a-muck.  Since the span of time since the progressive era, a point check system have been in place to circumvent corruption, but there’s always loop holes and therefore room for improvement.
 

3) Choose one of the rights mentioned by Roosevelt in his Economic Bill of Rights. Explain if this right has been granted since then, and if not, should it be a right of people?

The Economic Bill of Rights by Roosevelt was to establish security among citizens, detailing basic economic stabilities that everyone should be entitled to.  One right is the right to a good education.  This right was established since children of the age were utilized in sweat shops barely older than toddlers to do adult work.  These actions were against the progressive ideologies that children should enjoy being children, immersing themselves in progressive behavior to uplift them socially and economically for the betterment of self, and in turn society.

I speak from the standpoint of an individual who is benefitting Roosevelt’s Bill of Rights, specifically the right to a good education.  Without this right I probably would not be in school today, as this right resulted in additional benefits (tuition financial aid: Tap/PELL) in order to realize the educational goal that progressive’s originally established.  So I do believe that education should be a right to all people, not only to benefit society and the economy, but to satisfy one self.



Quote Interpretation

“Some of these people really forget how sick they were.  But I know how sick they were.  I have their fever charts.  I know how the knees of all of our rugged individualists were trembling four years ago and how their hearts fluttered.  They came to Washington in great numbers.  Washington did not look like a dangerous bureaucracy to them then.  Oh no!  It looked like an emergency hospital.  All of the distinguished patients wanted two things – a quick hypodermic to end the pain and a course of treatment to cure the disease.  They wanted them in a hurry; we gave them both.  And now most of the patients seem to be doing very nicely.  Some of them are even well enough to throw their crutches at the doctor.”

I chose this quote because it reminds me that everything is repetitive.  Big business in the past reaching a downturn point that they have to ask the government for help is a predicament that the United States just went through – again.  Roosevelt accurately assessed business predicament and sentiment by stating he knows their business is doing badly, he sees this in “their fever charts” (IRS reports, Reserve Reports, etc.)  He knows their in turmoil, and they turn to government to resolve their private business discrepancies (wanting a lead, like a parent would lead a wayward child) without interference in their so-called “private” business (which of course is an oxymoron).  And once receiving their scolding and then receiving a correction, then it’s perfectly fine to snob the hand that fed you (government).

Monday, June 25, 2012

The American Revolution


The American Revolution



1)      How did religious and scientific ideas get mixed together in the American Enlightenment period? What were the major consequences of this?

The ideas of science and religion were hard to separate, though Enlighters attempted to separate them on the premise of private and public domain, they both held the same idea of equality and natural law, though with different meaning.
 
2) What are the major differences in the liberal view of government (Adams, Paine) and the more religious view (Winthrop)? Which is more dominant is contemporary politics? 

Adam believed in a liberal government based on natural needs, based on just, true, equal and impartial liberty (natural liberty).   Paine also holds with these believes but goes further asserting that governmental heads can be corruptible and so there is a need for more equal rights, whereas, Winthrop believed in the coupling of restrictive government and religious influence.  God would direct governmental heads in the correct reward/punishment of all, thus is not corruptible since it’s mandated by God.


Quote Interpretation

“Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil, in its worst state an intolerable one…” (Paine, pg. 50)

Paine is referring to government in general, stating government is always evil, though a necessary one.

The Puritans



The Puritans

1)      What is the difference between natural liberty and civil liberty? Why does Winthrop believe civil liberty is better?

Natural liberty is the freedom to do whatever one pleases without concern towards anyone but themselves.  There is no maximum limit on their conscious form; man can perform good or evil without recourse.  John Winthrop stated this form of liberty, “…makes men grow more evil and in time to be worse than brute beasts.”, whereas, civil liberty is concerned with the well being of the community and those within it to attain its highest potential.


2) How effective is Williams' argument for the separation of church and state? Does the separation of the two sever the bond that sustains the community as Winthrop believed? If so what could be a substitute for religion?

Roger Williams’ reflection on the separation of church and state has had a effective result in American History as it’s not practiced in today’s government.  John Winthrop upheld that people incorporate God in every aspect of their life, that there can be no separation between church and state.  He ascertained that one complimented another, the church rewards, the state punishes and vice versa both working hand in hand to provide the optimal state.  The separation of both, according to Williams would still maintain an optimal state without the church influence, providing for a free religious society to this day have been utilized in the United States.  What could substitute for religion (church) to work with state is the law.  Irrevocably, without laws to maintain government, state will fall.


3) What aspects of the Christian religion make it democratic?

An aspect of the Christian religion that makes it democratic is the belief in the rights for individuals.  Christian followers look up to God, an unseen individual who extols what is “right” or “wrong” and delivers punishment and rewards, the same can be said for a democratic state.


Interpretation

      “…Magistrates sin grievously against the work of God and blood of souls by such proceedings.”

      I interpret this quote as when state and religion is utilized together the way it is interpreted by government officials is not what God’s word intended it to be.  To be used to employ harsh punishment based on religious narrowing.
 

Work Cited

Williams, Roger  The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Caused of Conscience (1644)

W.E.B. DuBois


W.E.B Dubois

Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others


“His doctrine has tended to make the whites, North and South, shift the burden of the Negro problem to the Negro’s shoulders and stand aside as critical and rather pessimistic spectators; when in fact the burden belongs to the nation, and the hands of none of us are clean if we bend not our energies to righting these great wrongs.”
 
I chose this passage, because it states a claim that I believe is valid today.  Dubois relates the compliance of Washington give Whites an “out” of responsibility for the inequality and Negro problems without considering them as people, humans.  Rather of another species without empathy or apathy towards to the Negro plight.  He further asserts that it takes everyone (referenced by the words, “nation” and “us”) to work together, not just blacks, but all ethnicities.      



Works Cited
                                                                              
Dubois, W.E.B., Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others              



Questions

1) Evaluate the argument between Booker T. Washington and DuBois. Has the approach of Washington actually been adopted in practice?

            The ways and means of fighting for equality has many faces and attitudes, depending on the situation a person chooses which one to employ.  Does a person display a militant attitude at all times in the face or adversity? Relaying an attitude of non-cooperation, or do you become persuasive in order to obtain your primary goal and be called by others you establish to help as “compliant” or a “door mat” to the other side?

            In today’s society, the overall attitude that has been adopted is a non-confrontational, non-violent manner that allows Blacks to obtain their goals through persuasive argument – solidified by the words of the law.  While DuBois militant points of approach do have merit, the rights granted to Blacks in the U.S. have primarily been through Washington’s practice of subterfuge.  I believe DuBois philosophy is still in use to a point, but overall success for, what is considered a minority class has been debative arguments.

Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Darwinism


Questions

1)      How does Carnegie adapt the theory of social Darwinism into his own writings on the accumulation of wealth?
     Carnegie integrates social Darwinism in his writing, but stating those who are able (independently) to acquire wealth is more proficient than those lesser beings who need help (also called the survival of the fittest), but it is up to the fittest to help the weak.

2)      How would you evaluate social Darwinism in regards to Lloyd's writings on socialism?

     Lloyd was against social Darwinism in respect that those who were poor needed help the most instead of forgetting about them.  Given opportunity they will succeed.



Interpretation
Carnegie
Wealth (1889)

     “Thus is the problem of Rich and Poor to be solved.  The laws of accumulation will be left free; the laws of distribution free.  Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor; intrusted for a season with a great part of the increased wealth of the community far better than it could or would have done for itself”.

     I chose this passage as a reflection of the way Carnegie thought.  He believed that the wealthy had an obligation to the poor by way of being thy brother’s keeper.  He believed that the poor, or less ambitious, were unable to do for themselves so it is up to the more fortunate to help the community excel.

Presidential Power


1)        What were the major factors that led to the increase of presidential power during and after the Civil War?
 
     President Abraham Lincoln was a major factor that helped increase presidential power.  When the Legislative Branch of government (Congress) deadlocked on the issue of slavery, it gave the president opportunity to take charge, thus make controlling decisions.  Lincoln also implemented various Acts and governmental agencies which are still in effect today, such as, Pacific Railway Act of 1862; Land Grant Act of 1862; Founded Department of Agriculture of 1862 (USDA).  All of these increased the presidential power base outside of any other branch within government.